Commuter Rail refers to high-capacity, high-speed rail systems that typically run primarily during commuter hours and feature widely-spaced stops.
In contrast, Rapid Transit refers to high-frequency rail systems which operate continuously across an urban area with closely-spaced stops.

Medicalization is the process where previously non-medical behaviours and emotions come to be perceived, diagnosed, and treated as defined medical disorders or conditions.

In Materialists, Lucy Mason (Dakota Johnson) says that "dating takes a lot of effort, a lot of trial and error, a ton of risk and pain. Love is easy."

To which Harry Castillo (Pedro Pascal) replies, "is it? I find it to be the most difficult thing in the world."

A supranational organization is a group of multiple countries (states) that collaboratively create/implement policies regarding common goals such as economic integration, immigration and border enforcement, and military intervention. The largest supranational organization in Africa is the African Union (AU) which includes every African state. There exist several other regional supranational organizations including the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the East African Community (EAC), and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) which try to implement similar policy goals but on a smaller scale. Membership in continental and regional organizations is not mutually exclusive.

For the purposes of this debate stygiophobic art refers to religious art which attempts to elicit fear of hell and punishment for sin, and awe at the power of the divine - often through detailed depictions of punishment, demons and the divine. Examples include Dante's Inferno, and paintings by Hieronymus Bosch.

For the majority of college sporting history, the NCAA has abided by a set of 'amateurism rules' which emphasize that the purpose of being a student athlete is to compete for and utilize educational opportunities (scholarships, etc.) and not financial gain. In 2021, the NCAA authorized the use of 'Name, Image, and Likeness' (NIL) deals which allowed players to receive financial compensation from pursuits such as sponsorships and endorsements. In 2025, the NCAA implemented the House v. NCAA settlement, which allowed athletes to be paid directly by the programs for which they played (e.g. Duke basketball)

In a kinship society, life is centered on the extended family: in other words, the “clan,” the lineage, the tribe—a group that often includes many people who aren’t actually related. Kinship networks are highly functional organisms: most of the functions provided by states in the modern world—protection from harm, credit, dispute resolution, eldercare, social insurance—are instead provided by the kinship network.

African societies, as a broad pattern, have extraordinarily intense kinship ties.

“Peak morality” refers to a theoretical point at which the trend towards an increase in collective human morality halts or reverses

A rotating meta is a game design approach where developers intentionally shift which strategies, characters, or playstyles are strongest over time (e.g. through patches or updates), so that the “optimal” way to play changes regularly (e.g. TFT, Fortnite). Perfect balance is a game design approach where developers attempt to ensure that all strategies, characters, and playstyles are equally viable and effective, such that no single option consistently outperforms others (e.g. CS2, Super Smash Bros).